(As spec'd in Pebble whitepapers)

• Micro-kernels: Mach and L4.
• Protection domains and portals: SPACE.
• Specialized code generation: Synthesis and Synthetix.
• Efficient parameter passing: LRPC.
• Object oriented OS: Spring.
• Dynamically replaceable components: Kea.
• User-level implementation of high-level abstractions: Exokernel